Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding

Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding Under the persecution and terror of the Third Reich, Jewish children could not afford simple, childlike pleasures. Though the seriousness of their every action may not have been known in absolutes to them, they lived in a realm of cautiousness and distrust. They were forced to wear the yellow badge, forced out of school, taunted and attacked by others their age, and disallowed from parks and other public places. Some Jewish children went into hiding to escape the increasing persecution and, most importantly, the deportations. Although the most famous example of children in hiding is the story of Anne Frank, every child in hiding had a different experience. There were two main forms of hiding. The first was physical hiding, where children physically hid in an annex, attic, cabinet, etc. The second form of hiding was pretending to be Gentile. Physical Hiding Physical hiding represented an attempt to hide ones complete existence from the outside world.   Location: A place to hide had to be found. Through family and friends, information spread through a network of acquaintances. Someone might offer to hide the family for free, others might ask a price. The size, comfort, and security of hiding places varied tremendously. I dont know how the contact was arranged, but there we stayed in what was actually a cabinet, only sixty or seventy centimeters wide. The length of it would have been a couple of meters, because we could all lie on top of each other comfortably. My parents couldnt stand, but I could, and I sort of walked between them. This cabinet was in a cellar, so it was well hidden. Our presence there was so secret, not even the children of the hiding family knew that we were there. That was where we stayed for thirteen months!-Richard Rozen, six years old when went into hiding Children were most often not told about the presence of the hiding place in advance. The location of the hiding place had to remain an absolute secret the ir lives depended on it.Then would come the day to finally move into their hiding place. For some, this day was preplanned; for others, this day was the day they heard word about impending harm or deportation. As nonchalantly as possible, the family would pack a few remaining, important items and leave their home. Daily Life: Each day, these children woke up, knowing that they must be extremely quiet, must move slowly, and that they would not be allowed to leave the confinement of their hiding place. Many of these children would go months, even years, without seeing daylight. In some instances, their parents would make them do a few indoor exercises and stretches to keep their muscles active. In hiding, children had to remain absolutely quiet. Not only was there no running, there was no talking or laughing, no walking, and even no flushing the toilets (or dumping the chamber pots). To keep busy, many children would read (sometimes they read the same couple of books over and over because they didnt have access to any new ones), draw (though the supply of paper was not plentiful), listen to stories, listen to adults talking, play with imaginary friends, etc.  Fear: In bunkers (hiding places within ghettoes) the fear of Nazi capture was very great. Jews hid in their hiding places when they were ordered for deportation. Nazis would go from house to house in search of any Jews that were hiding.   The Nazis looked in each house, looked for fake doors, fake walls, mats covering an opening.   When we got to the loft, we found it crowded and the people very tense. There was one young woman trying to comfort an infant who was crying. It was just a tiny baby, but he wouldnt go to sleep, and she couldnt stop him from crying. Finally, she was given a choice by the other adults: Take your crying baby and leave or kill the infant. She smothered it. I dont remember if the mother cried, but you didnt have the luxury of weeping. Life was so precious and so cheap at the same time. You did what you could to save yourself.-Kim Fendrick, six years old when went into hiding Food and Water: Though the families brought some food and provisions with them, no family was prepared to stay in hiding for several years. They soon ran out of food and water. It was difficult to get additional food since most people were on rations. Some families would send one member out at night in the hopes of catching something. Fetching fresh water was also not easy. Some people couldnt take the stench and the darkness, so they left, but ten of us remained in that sewer - for fourteen months! During that time we never went outside or saw daylight. We lived with webs and moss hanging on the wall. The river not only smelled terrible but also it was full of diseases. We got dysentery, and I remember Pavel and I were sick with unrelenting diarrhea. There was only enough clean water for each of us to have half a cup a day. My parents didnt even drink theirs; they gave it to Pavel and me so that we wouldnt die from dehydration.  -Dr. Kristine Keren, Lack of water became a problem for other reasons too. With no access to a regular supply of water, there was no water to bathe in. Opportunities to wash ones clothes became few and far between. Lice and diseases were rampant. Even though I wasnt eating much, I was being eaten unbelievably. The lice down there were very bold. They would walk out onto my face. Everywhere I put my hand, there was another one. Fortunately, Rosia had a pair of scissors an cut off all my hair. There were body lice too. They would lay eggs in the seams of our clothing. For the whole six or seven months, I was down there in the hole, the only real fun I had was cracking the nits with my thumbnail. It was the only way in which I had even the slightest control over what was going on in my life.-Lola Kaufman, seven years old when went into hiding Sickness and Death: Being completely secluded also had many other problems. If someone got sick, they could not be taken to a doctor, nor could one be brought to them. Children suffered through many maladies that could have been tempered if not controlled by contemporary medicine. But what happened if someone did not survive the illness? If you did not exist, then how could there be a body? One year after Selma Goldstein and her parents went into hiding, her father died. The problem was how to get him out of the house, Goldstein recalled. The people next door and the family across the road were Dutch Nazis. So my father was sewn into a bed and the neighbors were told that the bed had to be cleaned. The bed was carried out of the house with my father in it. Then it was brought to a country estate out of town where a good policeman stood guard while my father was buried. For Goldstein, the normal process of mourning the death of her father was replaced by the horrible dilemma of how to get rid of his body. Arrest and Deportation: Though daily life and the problems they encountered were difficult to deal with, the real fear was being found. Sometimes the owners of the house they were staying in would be arrested. Sometimes there was information passed that their hiding place was known; thus, the need to evacuate immediately. Because of these situations, Jews often moved hiding places relatively frequently. Sometimes, though, as with  Anne Frank and her family,  the Nazis discovered the hiding place - and they were not warned. When discovered, adults and children were deported to the camps. Hidden Identities Just about everyone has heard of Anne Frank. But have you heard of Jankele Kuperblum, Piotr Kuncewicz, Jan Kochanski, Franek Zielinski, or Jack Kuper? Probably not. Actually, they were all the same person. Instead of hiding physically, some children lived within society but took on a different name and identity in an attempt to hide their Jewish ancestry. The example above actually represents only one child who became these separate identities as he transversed the countryside pretending to be Gentile. The children who hid their identity had a variety of experiences and lived in various situations.   Varied Experiences: Some children stayed with their parents or just their mother and lived among Gentiles with their host not knowing their true identity. Some children were left alone in convents or among families. Some children wandered from village to village as a farmhand. But no matter what the circumstances, all these children shared the need to hide their Jewishness.Children Who Could Hide Their Identity: The people that hid these children wanted children that would be the least risk to them. Thus, young children, especially young girls, were the most easily placed. Youth  was favored because the childs past life was short, thus did not greatly guide their identity. Young children were not likely to slip up or leak information about their Jewishness. Also, these children more easily adapted to their new homes. Girls were more easily placed, not because of a better temperament, but because they lacked the tell-tale sign that boys carried - a circumcised penis. No amount of wo rds or documents could cover or excuse this if it were discovered. Because of this risk, some young boys that were forced to hide their identity were dressed up as girls. Not only did they lose their name and background, they also lost their gender. My fictional name was Marysia Ulecki. I was supposed to be a distant cousin of the people who were keeping my mother and me. The physical part was easy. After a couple of years in hiding with no haircuts, my hair was very long. The big problem was language. In Polish when a boy says a certain word, its one way, but when a girl says the same word, you change one or two letters. My mother spent a lot of time teaching me to speak and walk and act like a girl. It was a lot to learn, but the task was simplified slightly by the fact that I was supposed to be a little bit backward. They didnt risk taking me to school, but they took me to church. I remember some kid tried to flirt with me, but the lady we were living with told him not to bother with me because I was retarded. After that, the kids left me alone except to make fun of me. In order to go to the bathroom like a girl, I had to practice. It wasnt easy! Quite often I used to come back with wet shoes. But since I was supposed to be a little backward, wetting my shoes made my act all the more convincing. -Richard Rozen Continually Tested: To hide amongst Gentiles by pretending to be Gentile took courage, strength, and determination. Every day these children came upon situations in which their identity was tested. If their real name was Anne, they had better not turn their head if that name were called. Also, what if someone were to recognize them or question their supposed familial relationship with their host? There were many Jewish adults and children who could never attempt to hide their identity within society because of their outward appearance or their voice sounded stereotypically Jewish. Others whose outward appearance did not bring them into  question  had to be careful of their language and of their movements.Going to Church: To  appear  Gentile, many children had to go to church. Having never been to church, these children had to find ways to cover for their lack of knowledge. Many children tried to fit into this new role my mimicking others. We had to live and behave like Christians. I was expected to go to confession because I was old enough to have already had my first communion. I didnt have the slightest idea what to do, but I found a way to handle it. Id made friends with some Ukrainian children, and I said to one girl, Tell me how to go to confession in Ukrainian and Ill tell you how we do it in Polish. So she told me what to do and what to say. Then she said, Well, how do you do it in Polish? I said, Its exactly the same, but you speak Polish. I got away with that and I went to confession. My problem was that I couldnt bring myself to lie to a priest. I told him it was my first confession. I didnt realize at the time that girls had to wear white dresses and be part of a special ceremony when making their first communion. The priest either didnt pay attention to what I said or else he was a wonderful man, but he didnt give me away.-Rosa Sirota After the War For the children and for many survivors, liberation did not mean the end of their suffering.   Very young children, that were hidden within families, knew nor remembered anything about their real or biological families. Many had been babies when they first entered their new homes. Many of their real families did not come back after the war. But for some  their real families were strangers. Sometimes, the host family was not willing to give up these children after the war. A few organizations were established to kidnap the Jewish children and give them back to their real families. Some host families, though sorry to see the young child go, kept in contact with the children. After the war, many of these children had conflicts adapting to their true identity. Many had been acting Catholic for so long that they had trouble grasping their Jewish ancestry. These children were the survivors and the future - yet they did not identify with being Jewish. How often they must have heard, But you were only a child - how much could it have affected you?How often they must have felt, Though I suffered, how can I be considered a victim or a survivor compared to those who were in the camps?How often they must have cried, When will it be over?

7 Outstanding Language-Learning Apps and Websites

7 Outstanding Language-Learning Apps and Websites The most excellent websites and applications for language mastering Quite often even English-speaking person faces the need to learn some other language, being under specific circumstances. As the modern world provides you with the ability to enjoy the charms of electronic world, you can perform studying online via web sites from your PC, laptop or some pocket device that is quite useful. Below, you may find the greatest tools and websites that can help you master the knowledge on a language. LIVING LANGUAGE For persons who treat learning as a significant task, this site is the very place to begin. Here you can find about 20 languages which you are able to master. A lot of options are present here: specific notes, recordings in audio format, vocabulary and grammar. Among the most popular are e-touring with the speakers of a native tongue and using of games as a part of the study. Do it online, with the use of the applications or order the corresponding edition. If you do not want to pay – use Living Language’s Free Resources section, in which there are numerous PDFs for reading at any time you want. BBC Languages The web site gives you a great choice of about 40 languages to perceive. Concerning seven languages, like German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek and Chinese you get more features with assessments tests to define the level of the knowledge, depending on which you receive the corresponding materials and resources. And it should be noticed that here you can find a lot of videos for free that is really great opportunity. DUOLINGO This chargeless site with a wonderful interface design proposes learning of languages combining the processes of writing, reading, speaking and listening. Another interesting feature is that for positive results you gain extra points and in addition are able to share your results with friends. There is the set of many languages of Europe for you. You are able to study several languages during the same period without a need to pay additionally charges. LIVEMOCHA The key feature of Livemocha site is the ability to associate with native speakers. Though special membership is not for free, you can acquire lesson credits by helping other users in learning, for example, by editing of content or providing your comments concerning their pronunciations through audio recordings. Additionally, clients can attend virtual online classes or book online sessions, depending on their peculiar circumstances and conditions in studying. BUSUU BUSUU is the place where more than 60 million speakers of native tongue share their knowledge and assist each other to study languages. Here there are full language courses with short lessons that ideally suit for day-by-day life, working and travelling. The exercises are checked and edited by the native language speakers from all over the world. Such interaction between users is very efficient and productive, resulting in fast gained and positive results. The site provides instructions in most of European languages and also Russian, Japanese, and Chinese. FOREIGN SERVICES INSTITUTE To some extent specific site that has kind of simple interface, but complex set of knowledge. The FSI site stores a lot of materials for more than 45 tongues. They are of very high quality and were developed by highly-skilled linguists. Here such languages as Serbo-Croatian, Sinhala or Maranao Igbo are represented for you. Though the site stores government-sponsored content in public domain, in real it is maintained by private individuals. MEMRISE Those who prefer to use visual comprehension to perceive information Memrise site offers â€Å"mems†, mnemonic flash card generated by users with the concern to fancy and art drawing that help to enlarge your vocabulary. Here there are tens of hundreds of chargeless courses in various languages at your disposal. And you can even be the one to create such mems especially for other members that will open your new abilities not only to study material, but also to generate it for others. Use these apps and make the language-learning activities easy and fun!

The problems with forensic procedure that are arising with the DVI Dissertation

The problems with forensic procedure that are arising with the DVI manual in mass graves during interrnaional disaster in the v - Dissertation Example The proposed study has the main objective of finding out whether conducting the job of identification of victim of natural or manmade disasters on foreign soil in accordance with DVI manual are helpful. In other words to say, the proposed to will try to examine whether the protocol of DVI proposed by Interpol is a perfect answer to victim identification in case of disasters of international nature. For the purpose of the study, the proposed research has a goal of focusing on a various problems and challenges that forensic experts face at the time of victim identification. It would really be interesting to find out whether the problems can be attributable to DVI protocol. In other words to say, it would really interesting to find out whether DVI protocol actually helps forensic experts in their process of victim identification or makes the process more challenging. If it is found that DVI protocol is actually helpful to the forensic experts in the process of victim identification, the n it can be said that DVI protocol is a perfect answer to identification of victims of disasters. The proposed research will take into account a natural as well as a man-made disaster. For examining the efficiency of DVI in victim identification in case of a natural disaster identification work in Thailand in post-tsunami phase will be considered, while for man-made disaster, identification work during war of former Yugoslavia in 1991 will be taken in account. Having these overall research objectives for the study, the specific research aims for the proposed study can be as follows: To evaluate the efficiency of DVI guidelines in conducting successful and effective identification of victims of Tsunami in Thailand. To examine whether DVI manual was actually helpful or an obstacle in conducting the job of victim identification effectively in case of former Yugoslavia war that killed innumerable people. How the shortcomings of DVI, is any, in conducting identification of victims can be resolved? Outline and Organization of Topic Brief overview of the field: Interpol has proposed guidelines in the DVI manual for use by the member nations of Interpol Member in case of identifying victims of any disaster. This DVI guide is extremely useful for those member countries of Interpol that do not possess their own team for identification of victim in disasters or no not have any prior experience in confronting such huge and complicated operational situation by setting up a DVI team and making it functional. It offers vital supplemental information as well to those member countries which have built their own DVI teams. (INTERPOL, 2009) The most essential prerequisite in case of victim identification effort is the implementation of global standards that could serve as some common basis for the activities in case of DVI operations with multinational character. (INTERPOL, 2009) All measures of victim identifications are generally structured in such a way that they can produce results in the form of accurate positive victim identification. In case of victim identification in international disasters, the victim identification standard employed must be of the highest quality. Besides, it is extremely vital to offer proper respond to the need of relatives need within the shortest possible time. Victims are required to be handled with dignity and proper reverence. DVI teams generally conduct their activities in an

Business as a bridge between social and economic development Assignment

Business as a bridge between social and economic development - Assignment Example A solution to this problem has risen in the form of business , and the practices involved with it that have strived not only to improve the financial gains of the individual behind it, but has also been given a social responsibility in the region it is located at as well (John and Dan 60). Business can be used as a bridge so to speak to close the gap formed by the differences in these two aspects. The social responsibility that is involved with business ensures that it is able to do this effectively and include a number of activities that technically do not hold any financial gain for the company/organization but better the lives of those living in the area in which it is located (Luis and David 23). Some of these responsibilities include the provision of employment to individuals who residing in the area. When a company sets up in a given region, it is expected to offer the work available to those living within that area instead of outsourcing thus providing financial stability for the members of that society. The improved financial conditions also lead to better standards of living as well which happens to be a social goal (Richard 51). Another method business uses to bridge the gap between social and economic goals are the environmental responsibilities that it takes on. Business do this through a number of ways such as ensuring that they do not pollute the area they are working from or their surrounding areas such as rivers and lakes. This is usually an aspect when a business handles the production of its own goods, and there are factories involved. Businesses can also make generous contributions to movements that are involved in the conservation of the environment if they are not directly involved in the activities. The donations made by the business can go a long way in improving the state of the environment in that area leaving it for the

Hyatt hotel -entrepreneur Essay Example for Free

Hyatt hotel -entrepreneur Essay How does it feel to stay in one of the most expensive and most luxurious hotels in the world? How does it feel to have all sorts of amenities and numerous variations that enhance the quality and satisfaction of a client’s stay at a hotel? No, it is not too good to be true since the establishment of the Hyatt Corporation in 1957. Hyatt’s first property called the Hyatt House was built at the International Airport of Los Angeles. Currently, there are over 215 Hyatt branded hotels and resorts in 43 different countries around the world. Hyatt Corporations includes the Hyatt, Grand Hyatt, Park Hyatt, and Hyatt Regency brands. Hyatt opened their first overseas hotel, the Hyatt Regency Hong Kong, in 1969. It was later on in the 1980s when the Park Hyatt and the Grand Hyatt brands were introduced. There are hotels located in many culturally diverse rich destinations that attract not only families, but also business travelers as well. These hotels include sophisticated technology, leisure, banquet, and conference facilities, and state of the art technology. Hyatt Corporations are most known for their deluxe and exclusive hotels located in major and secondary cities throughout the entire world. This international corporation has brought about more than 20,000 jobs opportunities for many around the world. It has provided excellent customer services and as an international hospitality industry, they also hold conferences, banquet parties, and catering events. It was not easy to set up an interview with the entrepreneur of this Grand Hyatt Hotel, Hyatt R. von Dehn, but I was able to meet him in person at a conference that was held at Park Hyatt Los Angeles. In the end, I was able to catch his attention for the last ten minutes with my curious questions. Mr. Von Dehn briefly explained to me that when he originally began his own business, he was tired of working for other dominating bosses and he knew that it took money, which he had enough, to make more money. In the early stage of the business, he was not expecting to make a lot back on his revenues, but with the support of his family he was able to preview and share the vision of success with them. This brought out one of the main key points that he told to me focus on when it came to starting up a business: you have to be a self-motivated entrepreneur. A word of advice which he gave me was, â€Å"When you want to launch a successful business, it all depends on your own potentials and nobody else’s. † Make sure you choose to invest on something that you enjoy and that you are very passionate on. Every business established has numerous amounts of regulations and limitations that one must comply to. For Hyatt Hotels, there are a list of thirty different sanitary regulation, protection for the physical plant, and one of the most known would be the American with Disabilities Act (ADA). Hotels have to quality and comply with certain requirement which the government demands. These obligations may be related to certain fixtures that can vary from ceilings, walls, and flooring to telephones, water fountains, to cables. Sometimes certain regulation are not entirely necessary, however, Mr. Von Dehn himself stated that anything that will benefit the hotels and its customers is something necessary. Of course, it is more convenient for his Hyatt hotels to have fewer regulations, but he also admitted that as a result of these detailed regulations, it has allowed Hyatt Hotels to rank so highly in the hospitality industry. Currently, the hotel tax rate is 6 percent and all Hyatt hotel owners, managers, and operators must collect taxes from their guests. Taxes are applied to every sleeping room that is being rented out. Certain main cities and different countries can vary on tax rates for the hotels, but it can vary up to 7 percent. Mr. Von Dehn did not specify what benefits he received from the taxes, but one thing that he would like to change are the rate of taxes in major cities and various countries. Despite the fact that raising 2 or 3 percent on tax rates may not seem as much, when a busy hotel receives a lot of customers and clients, they also have to pay a higher hotel rate. Personally, I agree with him. I think that there should only be a specific tax rate for hotels that should be applied to most hotels. Like mentioned before, Hyatt is a private owned corporation that has many branded hotels and resorts: Hyatt Regency, Grand Hyatt, Hyatt, Park Hyatt, and Hyatt Resorts. Hyatt Corporations are located within the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean. International Corporations have Hyatt hotels and resorts overseas, such as China, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and much more. According to the financial statements for the Global Hyatt Corporation, it was recorded that in 2005, hotels and resorts employed over 88,647 employees. Hyatt Hotels provide its employees with significant and beneficial wages, healthcare, and pension increases every year. Employees that do not get tipped can range from having a wage increase from $12. 10 to $14. 60 per hour. Servers and the housekeeping department receive $3-$5 per hour plus tips, but when business is seldom, their bosses will increase their hourly rate to minimum wage plus tips. Working on a long contract, employees may receive an average 7 percent annual increase on their salaries. Hyatt Corporation, Inc – annual income statement December 2005 December 2004. Revenue $11,555. 00 $10,099. 00 Cost of Goods Sold $10,242,00 $9,015. 00 Gross Profit $1,308. 00 $1,084. 00 Gross Profit Margin 11. 3% 10. 7% Operating Income $555. 00 $477. 00 Operating Margin 4. 8% 4. 7% Non-operating Income $268. 00 $304. 00 Non-operating Expenses $106. 00 $99. 00 Income Before Taxes $717. 00 $654. 00 Income Taxes $94. 00 $100. 00 Net Income After Taxes $623. 00 $554. 00 Total Net Income $669. 00 $596. 00 Net Profit Margin 5. 8% 5. 9% *US Dollar amount in millions Hyatt Corporation has an economic profit in the year 2005 compared to 2004. To begin, there is no negative profit and this already showed automatic sign of profitability. Hyatt’s stocks are currently worth $47. 26 per share. They made a profit of over $1,456,000 from year to the next. Before when the industry was first established, business may no seem to go as well. nevertheless, it has been over five decades since its establishment and every hotel, resort, and vacation club creates a positive income and a profit. The competition for the hotel industry is always tight and competitive. Certain competitors include the Marriot Hotels, Sheraton Hotels, Ritz Hotels, and Hilton Hotels. Hyatt Hotels is a perfect competition where every hospitality industry fights for the beset positions and the highest ranking. This form of business does not perform neither homogeneous nor differentiated products since it is a hotel industry. For other firms to enter this business, investors must qualify for certain acts and requirements. In the long run the firm is continuously growing and economically profiting annually. I would definitely invest on buying Hyatt stocks because I know that their industry is yet to increase. I have stayed at Hyatt Hotels myself and I can tell everyone that clients and customers need not to worry because this five star hotel provides perfect satisfaction and quality to everyone. WORK CITED: Bulletin, Manila. â€Å"Hyatt Regency GM Farid Alain Schoucair: Living One Day at a Time. † 8 June 2003. Little, Rebecca. Lodging: Avoiding ADA violations that can cost you. http://www. lodgingmagazine. com/index. cfm? fm=Article. Detailaid=54 2006. â€Å"The Five-Star Stars. † Business Asia. Vol. 8: September 2000.

Gender Barriers inside Sports Essay -- Equality Feminism Athletics Ess

Gender Barriers inside Sports Throughout the history of sports, there has always been a gender barrier. There are certain sports that are aimed towards females and others that are directed towards males. When men or women enter a non-traditional sport for their gender, it is not widely accepted. However, there are those few athletes that pave the way for the rest and eventually our society will change and accept the new ideas in sports. Some people will always make judgments about the athletes who cross that gender barrier. At the same time there are others who will respect and look up to these athletes as role models who they will someday follow. In the movie Pumping Iron II, women bodybuilders are faced with judgments about their sexual orientation just because of their physical appearance. There is one character, Carla, who is always shown with her mother and sister, but never with a boyfriend or husband like the rest of the women. She does not feel the need to defend her sexuality and the audience never questions it, because she is more feminine than the other competitors. She wears girlish clothes and has a feminine face and hairstyle. Carla is also shown as a synchronized swimmer, which is an elegant and graceful sport. The manner in which she moves and her body frame differ from the rest of the women. One of the more "mannish" looking characters in the movie is Bev. Bev is the competitor with the most muscle. Her features, her hairstyle and her clothes are not as feminine as Carla's. Therefore, her sexuality is questioned. It is unfortunate that society links women's sports with mannishness and mannishness with lesbiani sm (Cahn 328). There are not only stereotypes of women in sports, but also of men. What is you... ... the future, sports will not be deemed male or female and athletes will be truly free to participate in whatever they love to do. Until then, athletes are still fighting with society and making breakthroughs everyday, creating an easier path for the generations to come. Works Cited Arnold, Gina. Synch Different. www.metroactive.com Cahn, Susan. "Crushes, Competition, and Closets: The Emergence of Homophobia in Women's Physical Education." Sexual Orientation. A.Dalke. Hult, J.S. "The Story of Women's Athletics: Manipulating a Dream 1890-1985." Women and Sport: Interdisciplinary Studies. Costa, M and Guthrie, S.R. Humant Kinetics Publ, 1994. Newberry, Paul. Sydney-Martin Short, Olympian? Associated Press, Sept.14, 2000. www.canoe.ca/2000GamesSynchro/sep14_fin.html-29k "Stereotypes are often overrated". http://idsnews.com/features/msjocks/page2.html

Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perkins Essay

In the article â€Å"Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Architects of Female Power† by author Valerie Gill, Ms. Gill attempts to bridge the gap between what appears to be two powerful women of their time with two totally different opinions of the American woman and the type of life they should lead. The author points out the obvious differences of opinions in the writings of the two women, who are related by the way, and the different era in which they write. Catharine Beecher was the great aunt of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and lived and wrote during a time when a woman working in any other place besides the home was not something that happened often. A woman’s job during this time was to raise children and make the home a warm, inviting space that had functionality that would allow for â€Å"separate spheres† for the men and women, allowing the men to have a place to discuss outside ventures and women to have a place to deal with domestic matters. Charlotte Perkins Gilman on the other hand, lived during a period where productivity was happening in factories all over the country. Her feminist attempt to undo her great aunt’s idea that women should be assigned to only the home made it appear that the two women had absolutely nothing in common when it came to the ideas on how women should be viewed socially. Gill points out how the two very different opinions actually have many things in common. Both women agree that the role of women is very important to the health of society, even though they disagree on what their roles should be. By suggesting that each writer knows what is the best arrangement for women to experience shows another similarity between the two writers. As pointed out by Gill, â€Å"Both writers conceptualize the identity of women in spatial as well as socioeconomic terms, assuming that the fulfillment of their own sex can be quite literally mapped out†. The author makes a point that even though their opinions of what is ideal are very different, the idea that there is one way to make women live a full life is exactly the same. Both women also had the common conclusion that the woman’s place, whether it is in the home working or in the factory working, would make a great impact on the society. Architectural ideas as to better society are another thing these two authors had in common, as pointed out by Gill in the article. The elder author Beecher would make drawings in her articles about staging the home and using dividers as a way to make more areas in the home, and Gilman,  being concerned about the lives led by farmer’s wives, included drawings of a farming community shaped like a pie that had common areas to share, as to make life easier for them. Interesting enough, Gill included in her article a picture of a drawing done by Beecher, along with her sister Harriet Beecher Stowe, later in life of a block of houses with common areas used to house the â€Å"homeless, helpless, and vicious† which very much resembled Gilman’s block community idea where people shared common spaces and so that some women could take care of the children and household duties while others went out in the community to work. This is an excellent example of Beecher thinking like Gilman in the mixing of public and private space. It is my opinion that the aging Beecher was beginning to think out of the box. This article was insightful and gave a great example of how people with a difference of opinion can actually be thinking the same. If one just read the two women’s writings without an open mind, one would think they were completely different and had totally different ideas. Valerie Gill allowed the reader of the article to view a situation such as this one in a different way and to keep an open mind and read between the lines of any writings. I would have liked to have seen her go on and discuss the idea that some women may belong at home and some may belong in the workforce. I believe that every woman has a different situation to consider and what is important to one woman may not be important to another.

Morality, Meet Brave New World Essay

â€Å"The books that the world calls immoral are books that show the world its own shame.†1 Concerning Aldous Huxley’s dystopian novel, Brave New World, readers find themselves thinking the theme of the novel is not of proper conduct and it would not take place in their current world. Brave New World follows a futuristic society, the World State, where citizens are mass-produced and conditioned to suit the ways of the government and the society as a whole. Everyone is born to fit in certain classes and they crave pleasure, order and conformity. John the Savage, the protagonist, is of strict Christian moral codes and is shocked by the government’s control over citizens and their behavior. He rejects their mentality and tries to go against it, with no avail. The citizens’ sexual freedom, conditioning, risky use of drugs, dissolution of families and manipulation of religion to accommodate the society irritates many a moral critic. â€Å"Moral education, which ought never, in any circumstances, to be rational,† is said by a director (Huxley 32). It implies that the leaders do believe in moral education. However, without God or sense, it is they who make the morals. Huxley warns readers of how technology and power in the hands of the government can cause the downfall of man. With the concept of socialist morality in mind, the World State’s power is absolute and citizens follow societal codes and morals whether they like it or not, without a fight. Babies are born and nurtured in the community for the purpose of becoming productive members of the society. Citizens are conditioned to think that everyone is equal and they are made useful for the good of the society and the government. They satisfy themselves through food, sex, clothes, drugs and other entertainment promoting fun and consumption. This ensures the State’s stability. Hypnopaedic (sleep-teaching) messages such as â€Å"Every one works for every one else. We can’t do without anyone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 66), and â€Å"Ending is better than mending. The more stitches, the less riches†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 50) promote the part of socialism where every member of the society must work in a way that benefits the community. The second part promotes  consumerism; people must throw away old possessions and buy newer ones. The State’s ability to satisfy these desires of the people promises economic growth and affluence. Humans are just devices in this social and scientific world, manipulated and controlled by the World State for the good of the community. â€Å"Wheels must turn steadily, but cannot turn untended. There must be men to tend them, men as steady as the wheels upon their axles, sane men, obedient men, stable in contentment,† reasons Mustapha Mond, the World Controller (Huxley 44). This quote entails that this dictatorial government knows what is best for the society, not individuals, and that is why the leaders have set the moral standards. The State maintains power through technology and medical operations which allows citizens to feel so happy, they do not care about personal freedom, thoughts or choices. At the beginning, the Director says, â€Å"Bokanovsky’s Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!† (Huxley 18) The Bokanovsky’s Process is a biological version of Henry Ford’s assembly line. It is a means of churning out test tube babies, who will live and work in a predetermined society. The populace, the social castes and the mental processes of embryos are easier to control due to this process. There is also a lack of individuality with the concept of the assembly line where everyone is indistinguishable and managed by the government to maximize efficiency and profit. Individuality does not represent community to them and therefore, is not beneficial. With the World State’s control over birth, life and death of its citizens, it is able to achieve community amity. Effective people are needed for an effective society. To accomplish this task, definite stability is needed. Progress and science allows the State to create a happy and a superficial world. World Controllers, the leaders of the society, are careful with the use of science and technology. The use of soma, which clouds present reality and makes people experience happy hallucinations, ‘feelies’, hypnopaedia and conditioning machines are tools to promote social stability. It is to keep citizens busy with work and entertainment. In the novel, citizens must go through different kinds of conditioning. â€Å"All conditioning aims at that; making people like their inescapable social destiny,† (Huxley 24) says the Director of Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, where test tube babies, called â€Å"bottle  babies†, are decanted. Members of the society are taught to never be unsatisfied with their jobs, which eliminates individuals going against their â €˜destinies’. In turn, stability is created. Citizens learn through slogans, rhymes and hynopaedic messages to use soma and have sex with countless members of society. The Director shouts triumphantly, â€Å"Till at last the child’s mind is these suggestions and the sum of the suggestions is the child’s mind. And not the child’s mind only. The adult’s mind too – all his life long. The mind that judges and desires and decides is made up of these suggestions. But these suggestions are our suggestions†¦suggestions from the State.† (Huxley 34) They do not realize this but individual thoughts are done away with in the novel. Humans are just followers for the governments who can’t think for themselves because they’ve been conditioned to become that way. Elimination of emotion, families, history and literature also plays a significant part in achieving stability. Mond explains to boys touring the Hatchery, â€Å"Mother, monogamy, romance†¦ What with mothers and lovers, what with the prohibitions they were not conditioned to obey, what with the temptations and the lonely remorses, what with all the diseases and the endless isolating pain, what with the uncertainties and the poverty-they were forced to feel strongly. And feeling strongly and strongly, what was more, in solitude, in hopelessly individual isolation, how could they be stable?† (Huxley 43) Mond says by doing away with things such as mother, monogamy, â€Å"feeling strongly† and other things mentioned in the quote is how stability and harmony is gained in a society. This quote also shows the viewpoint of the World State that all humans must conduct themselves in one way. In the system, members must always remain happy for the sake of social stability. A recent report in Psychology Today concluded, â€Å"The most significant predictor of a person’s moral behavior may be religious commitment.†2 Huxley uses Christian morality to further illustrate the socialist morality of the plot. The religious conviction in man has been evident throughout the ages. The World State recognizes this urge and manipulates it toward the relevance of supporting and indulging society. The State in Brave New World creates a single religion for its people based on Henry Ford, his teachings and his representation of an assembly-line society than based on a Christ, his  teachings and a spiritual God with whom people may communicate by themselves. The services are government-funded and are mandatory, such as, the Solidarity Service, which is a parody and a substitution of the Christian Communion Service. The song of the service goes like this, â€Å"Ford, we are twelve; oh, make us one, Like, drops within the Social River; Oh, make us now together run†¦Orgy-porgy gives release.† (Huxley 74) This gives readers an idea about of the control the government has on religion and sexual practices. Though trivial, it is an example of a religion the World State forms to keep citizens in line and in accord. The phrase, â€Å"Ford, we are twelve; oh, make us one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 74) summons Ford and reinforces the lack of individuality where humans are the same as items on the assembly line. Twelve members are the same as one, without any difference. This service gives release of emotions, a human nature the World State had not been able to stop through conditioning. It is advantageous as it does not pose a threat to power and control of the State. Karl Marx is quoted to have said, â€Å"Religion is the opiate of the people.†3 He means to say that religions are organized to relieve people’s anxieties about their personal responsibilities for the unfairness in life. In the novel, it is soma that is substituted for religion. Mond refers soma as, â€Å"Christianity without tears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 185) Soma allows the public to feel at ease than the sadness and guilt caused by Christianity. Their act of prayer is taking in soma and they feel fulfilled and happy. In Brave New World Revisited, Huxley states that soma is the religion of the people.4 It can be said that the citizens of the World State are very religious in adhering to moral standards organized by the government for themselves. With the caste system strict and firm, authority in the World State is not questioned nor challenged. As a group, members fear and respect the government and would never go against it. Members may feel dissatisfied with their way of living. When the Director asks Bernard, â€Å"†¦ can you show any reason why I should not now execute the judgment passed upon you?’, Bernard answers with a confident â€Å"Yes, I can.† (Huxley 121) He proceeds to present the Director his son, John. Having a son goes against all the social morals taught by the World State. Although Bernard did not act in an anarchist fashion, he took a small step towards being disrespectful to and humiliating  a man of authority. John the Savage does not like what he sees. With â€Å"O brave new world† resonating in his head, John cries out for people at the Park Lane Hospital of Dying to stop taking the soma rations. He attempts to throw out the soma through the window and asks the people to choose freedom (Huxley 168). John hadn’t been able to go against the government. Although chaos doesn’t fully place take and seeds of confusion have been planted in the society, the government is still in control. The goals of morality, as described by C.S. Lewis, are to ensure fair play and harmony between individuals, help form good people to have a good society and keep them in a good relationship with the power that is responsible for creating them. By their motto of â€Å"Community, Stability, Identity† (Huxley 18), the Brave New World achieves these goals, given through questionable methods. The State’s ability to satisfy needs and wants of the public through entertainment, work and consumption leads to stability and economic growth for society. The government’s different conditioning techniques, intentional drug use, manipulation of religion and view that everyone belongs to and works for everyone else are used to benefit society in creating useful citizens. The consequences are a loss of dignity, values and emotions – in short, a loss of humanity. This is the idea of extreme socialist morality that takes place in the book. This version of society reflects the current society’s economic values – individual happiness is the satisfaction of his or her needs and success of growth and prosperity. The social moral codes of Brave New World create a superior society where people cooperate instead of compete. Although some critics and readers may think this is accomplished through wrong conduct, this may be what our current society strives for. WORKS CITED 1. Oscar Wilde. â€Å"Oscar Wilde Quotes†. Thinkexist.com. 2006. Thinkexist.com. 2. Morality By Design. Allaboutphilosophy.org 3. Religion: An Opaite of People?† www.ancientdays.net 4. Brave New World Revisited 5. atheism.about.com Brave New World by Aldous Huxley â€Å"Moral Criticism of Brave New World.† Associated Content. News, 2007

Chinese Economic Refrom essays

Chinese Economic Refrom essays Two years after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, it became apparent to many of China's leaders that economic reform was necessary. During his tenure as China's premier, Mao had encouraged social movements such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution which had had as their bases ideologies such as serving the people and maintaining the class struggle. By 1978 "Chinese leaders were searching for a solution to serious economic problems produced by Hua Guofeng, the man who had succeeded Mao Zedong as CCP leader after Mao's death" (Shirk 35). Hua had demonstrated a desire to continue the ideologically based movements of Mao. Unfortunately, these movements had left China in a state where "agriculture was stagnant, industrial production was low, and the people's living standards had not increased in twenty years" (Nathan 200). This last area was particularly troubling. While "the gross output value of industry and agriculture increased by 810 percent and national income grew by 420 percent [between 1952 and 1980] ... average individual income increased by only 100 percent" (Ma Hong quoted in Shirk 28). However, attempts at economic reform in China were introduced not only due to some kind of generosity on the part of the Chinese Communist Party to increase the populace's living standards. It had become clear to members of the CCP that economic reform would fulfill a political purpose as well since the party felt, properly it would seem, that it had suffered a loss of support. As Susan L. Shirk describes the situation in The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China, restoring the CCP's prestige required improving economic performance and raising living standards. The traumatic experience of the Cultural Revolution had eroded popular trust in the moral and political virtue of the CCP. The party's leaders decided to shift the base of party legitimacy from virtue to competen...

10 Blog Post Templates For Marketers to Create the Best Content

10 Blog Post Templates For Marketers to Create the Best Content As a marketer, you have a lot to do. Promotions to manage. Campaigns to plan. In other words, you have no time to write fantastic blog posts. Sure, you do your best to â€Å"create great content† (because that’s what you been told to do). But, you’re not happy with the results. Meanwhile, your competition’s blog is crushing it. â€Å"How can I be like them,† you ask. Reading this post is a good start. We’ve put together ten different blog post templates that cover every step in the content creation process. Plus, we’ll walk through how to use each one. By the time you’re done, you’ll know exactly how to write effective blog posts, without spending nearly as much time. The days of staring at a blank cursor are over. DID YOU KNOW: You can plan, publish, and promote all your WordPress blog posts on one marketing calendar with ? See how it works. Get 10 Free Blog Post Templates and Create Great Content Now This awesome bundle includes all ten templates well show you in this post. From developing personas, to craftingf outlines, to actually writing the posts themselves, youll get everything you need to succeed. Grab ‘em now. Then, read the post to learn how to use them. Jump to Template: Blog Audience Persona Template Blog Keyword Research Template Blog Title Template Blog Post Outline Template Blog Post Template Blog Call-to-Action Template Content Editing Checklist Blog Post SEO Checklist Blog Post Promotion Template Blog Post Analysis Template10 Simple Blog Post Templates to Create the Best Content Step One: Use Your Blog Audience Persona Template  To Identify Your Target Audience First, determine who your audience is. By knowing exactly who you are writing for you can tailor your content to fit their needs. How do you build an audience persona for your brand's blog? First, read this post on finding your target audience. Then, pull out your blog post audience persona template and outline the biography of your blog reader. This should include where they work and what types of companies they work for. Include details like, what their title is (manager, strategist, etc.) and specific company types like (Fortune 500, startup, etc.)   In the end, it should look something like: The next part of your template is filling in the demographic information for your audience persona including age, gender, income, level of education and location type. Next, you’ll focus on their hobbies and interests as well as the challenges and goals they face. Hobbies and interests will play an essential role in identifying who reads your blog as it can help you relate your content back to them. Challenges that your target audience faces can help you identify what sorts of topics to cover. Defining the goals of your audience can help you create content that shows your readers how to reach them. The next part of your persona template is writing a personal summary of how your target audience would describe themselves. You should also add what your audience expects from reading your blog as well as concerns that may prevent your target audience from reading your blog posts. The last part of your template should include other blogs and news sources that your target audience reads. You can also include customer quotes to finish off your persona. Build an audience persona with this free template (plus get nine more templates for creating... Step Two: Use Your Keyword Research Template to Organize Blog Post Keywords If you’ve written blog posts before you know how important it is to have a keyword that has a high search volume and low competition. Not only that you need to make sure that the keywords you use are terms that your target audience is searching for. Keywords are broken into two sections for every blog post that you write. One is your main keyword. Your entire blog post is centered around this keyword. The second set of keywords are LSI or latent semantic indexing terms. These keywords relate back to or are variations on your main keyword. To find keywords around the subjects, you want to write about turn to a tool like Moz  or Ahrefs. Type in the subject you may want your blog post to cover: This example shows Moz's Keyword Explorer tool. Ahrefs (another popular option, and one of our favorites at ), features a similar tool. Record the main keyword in your template: The next part you need to record is search volume. This tells you how often your keyword is searched per month. For the keyword social media calendar it’s searched about 201-500 times per month: Difficulty refers to how hard it will be for your blog post to rank for a specific keyword. For our example, the difficulty score for ranking on this particular topic is 65: Include an arrow that points to difficulty and says score out of 100. The next part of your keyword research involves finding your additional LSI terms or other keywords that you would want your blog post to rank for: Include an arrow that points to monthly volume that has text that says: Add in LSI terms that have a high search volume like your parent keyword. Record any additional LSI keywords in your template: The next part of your keyword research is going to be reading the top ten posts that are currently ranking on the keyword topic that you are going to write about. Look for what your audience wants to learn. What is their intent behind a search for that particular keyword? For the social media calendar example, the search intent behind that post is to build out a social media calendar to help marketers stay organized. Templates, as you can see, are a plus: Record the intent in your spreadsheet: The last part of your template will involve identifying if the content is new if you are optimizing a post you have already written and what type of content it is: Repeat this process for every blog post you intend to publish. Keep these tips in mind for every keyword you look for: Make keyword research easy with this free template (plus get nine more templates for creating... Step Three: Record Your Headlines In Your Blog Title Performance Tracking Template Now you have your keywords and your audience in mind. The next step is creating a remarkable headline that grabs the attention of your audience. Headlines are what attract your audience and encourage them to click. They are your opening act. Without a strong opening, your audience won’t continue to read. According to our research,   we have found that headlines do well if they: Incorporate keywords. Use â€Å"How to† formatting. Use numbers or statistics. They are about 55 characters long. Have a strong positive sentiment. Use our  Headline Analyzer  to create better headlines instead of guessing at what might work: In your Blog Title Performance Tracking template, write two different headlines and record the scores, sentiment, headline type, and length in words and characters. Aim for a headline score of at least 70 for each headline you write. After you’ve composed two, choose which one fits your blog post best. Step Four: Use Your Blog Post Outline Template To Format Your Thoughts I can speak from personal experience when I say the best bet you have to create a great blog post quickly is to write an outline. Outlines allow you to format your thoughts and give you (or your writers) a concise direction to take the post in. We’ve made it even easier to format your outline with our blog post outline template. To start, identify what's in it for your audience. We call this the WIIFM (or What's In It For Me section, which is exactly what your audience will be asking themselves before they read your post). This should identify the exact benefit your audience will take away from reading your content: Next, decide what format your blog post will take. Some common options are: List posts. How-to posts. Infographic posts. Story posts. Example posts. Once you choose a post format, identify why your post should be in a particular format: Next, you’ll tackle your introduction. This should be formatted into three different parts: The problem your audience is experiencing. The three things that your reader will learn when they read your post. How what they will learn will help solve their problem. Your introduction acts as your opening argument. There’s a ton of content out there on the web; you need to convince your target audience that your blog post is the one to read. Then comes your body copy outline. These should be overhead thoughts, not necessarily entirely fleshed out paragraphs of text. Just write down the idea you want to bring across. This can be done through something as simple as writing your H2 and H3 headers: Once you have the body of your post figured out you can move on to creating the Call-to-Action text that will be in your blog post. First, determine what you want your CTA to say. It should be between eight to ten words like your headlines. This should give your audience explicit direction for the action you want them to take after they read your post. There’s also space in your outline to add in any sources, data or research that you need to back up the advice in your post: The last part of your outline is your conclusion. Here is where you’ll summarize the main points of your post and add in your CTA: Craft better blog post outlines with this free template (and nine more to create awesome content). Step Five: Use Your Blog Post Template To Write Your Content The next part of your blog writing process is going to be crafting your post. This is usually the most time-consuming process, but now that you have your outline and your angle it will be much faster. Your blog post content template will be able to help you as well. Did you know? You can write your entire blog post in using our built-in text editor. First, add your headline: Then add your title tag. Title tags should be under 70 characters to properly show up in a Google search. Next is your meta description. Meta descriptions are the short descriptive text that appears under your title in a google search. Your description should be under 156 characters to display correctly. Now you can start writing the meat of your blog post content. First up is your introduction. Remember to keep it short, cover all the points that are in your outline and don’t bury the lead for your audience. Next is body content of your blog post. This section needs a separate subheader. If you need additional sub-points underneath, label them with an additional subhead. Each section of the body of your blog post should be between three and five paragraphs long, with no more than three sentences to a paragraph. This helps keep your blog post easy to skim. Repeat this process for each section of your post. After you’ve crafted the body of your blog post, add in your conclusion and CTA. Your conclusion should wrap up the main takeaways from your post while your CTA should entice your reader to take action.

3 paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3 paper - Assignment Example Various assessment tools exist that teachers can employ in the classroom for students who have developmental issues in both language and communication, such as (CASL). The Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL) assists teachers in assessing four major learning areas of students with language difficulties, which are listening, speaking, reading and writing. This language assessment test focuses on both expressive as well as receptive language options for the students as it enables teachers to identify the problematic areas of their students and concentrate on upgrading them. this test is very simple and a teacher can carry it out within a normal classroom setting, targeting the four main areas of listening, speaking, reading, and writing, and as such covering the four main categories of languages which are pragmatics, syntactic, semantics, and surpralinguistics. Each of the four categories assesses different language development areas. These include the knowledge and use of words and grammar, complex language comprehension, and the appropriate language awareness (Carrow-Woolfolk, n.d.). The teacher focuses on various subtopics on each of these categories while conducting the assessment in order to determine the proficiency of the student, as well as empowering them to overcome their areas of difficulty. Common subtopics used in such assessment procedures include comprehending basic synonyms, idiomatic languages, pragmatic judgment, grammatical judgment, ambiguous sentences among others. This test provides a particular sense of specificity that enables teachers determine appropriately the individual strategies of each of their students. A grade appropriate word wall is a good strategy that teachers in a middle school can employ in order to enable their students overcomes their difficulties in language and communication. A word wall assists students make choices of

How does stigma and discrimation hinder recovery of patients with Essay

How does stigma and discrimation hinder recovery of patients with schizophrenia - Essay Example Research Method: Qualitative research will be done on this study and a thematic approach will be used as the study seeks to examine, investigate, locate and record patterns. A survey will be conducted. Sample: Non probability sampling method. A total of 60 sample units will be used, 40 being schizophrenic patients and 20 nurses or family members. Data collection: Interviews and focus groups will be used as tool of data collection. Data analysis: Data analysis will be conducted through SPSS software and the Burnard model of coding, which provides a model for data organisation. Findings and Result: Stigma and discrimination were observed to affect the schizophrenic patients through hindering recovery and even exacerbating the illness. Conclusion: Without the stigma and discrimination, schizophrenic people would recover fast and easily thus contributing to the society. The stigma and discrimination that follows a person after being diagnosed with schizophrenia is usually what leads them to an early grave. Schizophrenic patients have been misunderstood by many people for a long time How does Stigma and Discrimination hinder Recovery of Patients with Schizophrenia? Introduction Many individuals with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia have confirmed that the stigma they face from other people usually leads to more pain than the disease itself. Stigma reduces the patient’s self-esteem and denies them many social opportunities stigma. Stigma can be explained as the negative attitudes that people have towards others while discrimination is explained as unfair treatment of people due to their social grouping (Parle, 2012:2). Schizophrenia refers to a mental condition that extends over a long period of time, and causes numerous distinct psychological symptoms such as, hallucinations, delusions, and unusual behaviours (Sachdev and Keshavan, 2010:4). It is a psychotic condition where patients are incapable of discerning reality from their own thoughts and imagina tion (Chan and Sireling, 2010:107). The people suffering from this condition are pre-judged, therefore, finding it hard to maintain and sustain relationships, friendships and employment. Stereotype portrayed by the media have been blamed for the fear and ignorance about schizophrenic people (Bos, 2009:510). Background I came across a report at the beginning of the year, which suggested that out of every six workers in the United Kingdom, one usually suffers from a mental illness at a certain time in their career (Bevan, et al. 2013:5). With the country experiencing tough economic times recently, there was an upsurge in the number of working age people suffering from a variety of mental illnesses. A lot of attention was put on anxiety and depression but the health care sector seemed to forget about some extremely intense mental conditions like schizophrenia. It dawned on me that proper attention should be paid on schizophrenic patients and I decided to look at ways that a patient cou ld recover from such an illness. That was when I got the idea of investigating stigma and its effect on the recovery of schizophrenic patients came into mind. Research question formulation An excellent research question has to be accurate and precise. The research question formulated in this study is:In what ways does stigma and discrimination hind