Social Influences on Behavior Essay - 1663 Words

+ Life Span Development and Personality Paper PSY/300 May 23, 2011 Life Span Development and Personality Paper Albert Fish was a 20th century serial killer, child rapist, sadomasochist, and cannibal. This paper is a brief description focused on the forces that impacted his life from the viewpoint of developmental psychology. The author made an effort to distinguish between the influences of hereditary and environment on psychological development. He also explains what family issues and social support systems may have influenced Albert Fish’s developmental growth and adjustment. Two different theories of personality selected by the author was applied to Fish, which includes a discussion of how each theory differs in†¦show more content†¦He strangled her, cut her up into little pieces, and devoured her. Fish said that he got the idea of cannibalism from his uncle in 1894, which was never verified. His uncle, Captain John Daus, sailed to China during the time of a famine. Children were sold to be butchered. They were brought out in parts to be cut to one’s ch oosing and sold as veal. The captain told his nephew human meat did taste of veal, and the behind was the sweetest part. The captain stole two children to bring home with him. He beat their behinds for days, while they were still alive, to make it nice and tender. Albert Fish decided he had to try it. Not only did the environment in which he grew up shape Albert Fish, it is believed that his genetic influences may have had a huge impact as well. â€Å"His family had a history of mental illness: his uncle suffered from religious mania, a brother was confined in the state mental hospital, another brother had died of hydrocephalus and his sister had a mental affliction. Three other close relatives suffered from severe mental illnesses and his mother was believed to suffer frequent aural and/or visual hallucinations† (Farlex, 2011). Albert Fish seems to fall in the postconventional moral development area of psychological development. Postconventional morality is how â€Å" people reason using abstract, self-defined moral principles that may not match conventional moral beliefs† (Kowalski Western, 2009). FishShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Social Influence On Behavior854 Words   |  4 PagesThe study of social influence has been an essential topic of study for researchers and social psychologists. Social influence pertains to the different ways people influence the feelings, behaviors and beliefs of others through interpersonal relationship (Fiske, 2008). Also, some key concepts in the analysis of social influence include conformity, compliance, and obedience. Compliance refers to a change in behavior in response to an overt or obscure request made by another individual. Hence, complianceRead MoreSocial Influences on Behavior1114 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Influences on Behavior There are many social influences which have an effect or lasting effect on the behavior of an individual. Within many group scenarios, conformity and obedience play a large role in how people tend to think and behave, especially if they get carried away. Obedience refers to compliance to an authority figure or with others in a group. On the other hand, conformity refers to an individual changing their thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors to accommodate with the standardsRead MoreSocial And Social Influence On Behavior Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesSocial influence Social psychologists try to understand human behavior in terms of the influence others have in producing it (Aronson, Wilson Akert, 1994). The following passage explains specifically how social groups can influence behavior. In particular, the discussion will Center on the role groups play in the formation of social norms and social roles. With reference to experiments, the passage will show the terms and degree to which people are likely to conform under group pressure to thoseRead MoreSocial Influences on Behavior Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Influences on Behavior Rhonda Hager PSY/300 June 25, 2012 Teresa Neal Social Influences on Behavior Introduction All humans’ behavior is affected by social influences to some extent. The level of influence will vary from person to person, depending on the several factors, such as self-esteem, their level of self-awareness, morals, and values (Velden, 2007). People do many things to ensure they are accepted by the people in their group and to keep from being ostracized by individualsRead MoreSocial Classes and Their Influence on Social Behavior1157 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Classes and Their Influence on Social Behavior Jade Tennis Indiana State University 30 November 2010 Psychology 101-004 Social Classes and Their Influence on Social Behavior Our role in society plays a big part of who we are. More importantly how generous we are toward others in need. People of lower class have a tendency to be more dependent on other whereas people of upper class are more independent. Lower class people act more prosocial fashion due to an increased orientationRead MoreSocial Influences On Children s Behavior Essay1966 Words   |  8 PagesGrowing up, children are faced with many social influences which may affect the way in which they develop gender typed behaviour. From a young age, children start to learn through using toys and interacting with other human beings on how to behave. This behaviour can be seen to be identified through their gender as boys and girls develop stereotypical behaviours. A study conducted by (Caldera, Huston, O Brien, 1989) were looking to find out whether parents encourage or avoid the child’s involvementRead MoreThe Role Of Cultural And Social Influences On Our Behavior1301 Words   |  6 Pa gesstudy behaviors and mental processes. Included were the contemporary perspectives, such as behavioral, which focuses on behavior that is observed. Psychodynamic focuses on our fantasies and our hidden motives. Humanistic is all about our free will and conscious choices. Physiological is the relationships between biological processes and behavior. Cognitive perspective is our acquired knowledge, and last but not least is sociocultural, which places great value on the role of cultural and social influencesRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Sexual Behavior1104 Words   |  5 PagesSeveral forms of media and social media are influential factors of risky sexual behavior. Internet facilitates easier access to more sexually explicit material to the youth. Mass media exposure has been shown to predict sexual beliefs and attitudes (Escobar et.al, 2005; Timmerman et.al, 2008). Social media usage demonstrate individuals how to be promiscuous inhibiting them to take part in risky sexual behavior. Researchers Tifferet Vilnai-Yavetz preformed a random international study with a sampleRead MoreInfluences Of Social Bonds And Perceived Social Expectations On Adolescent Deviant Behavior Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesInfluences of Social Bonds and Perceived Social Expectations on Adolescent Deviant Behavior Although juvenile arrest rates have declined by 65% from 1996 to 2014 (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2015), juvenile delinquency is undoubtedly still a concern for practitioners, communities, and policy-makers in the United States. Seeking explanations of adolescent delinquency is a continuing quest by the social sciences to aid prevention and intervention efforts. Several questsRead MoreInfluence Of Consumer Behavior On Corporate Social Responsibility2162 Words   |  9 PagesPart I. How Consumer Behaviour has, should or could actually influence CSR issues? The current report aims to highlight the influence of consumer behaviour on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues and present a broad understanding of the role of sustainability in consumption by reflecting on my own personal consumption practices. For the purposes of this report, we will use the European Commission’s definition of CSR as being â€Å"the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society†

Worldcom Ethical Dilemma - 979 Words

In 1998, Betty Vinson was promoted to a senior manager in the firm’s corporate accounting division. Two years later in her position she experienced a major ethical dilemma. The company WorldCom was a very successful company up until the middle of 2000 when the telecommunication industry entered a protracted slump. The company’s earnings were not Wall Street expectations, and it was saddled with unpaid bills. Vinson’s job was to repair the problem by doing some wrong accounting practices. The ethical dilemma is weather she should or shouldn’t do and the consequences if she does or doesn’t do. What ethical decision should Betty Vinson take? The first right decision is to do the wrong accounting practice. Vinson was told that it was only†¦show more content†¦The WorldCom employees could loose their jobs and causing higher unemployment. Other businesses could loose they’re jobs too if they had strong relationship with WorldCom. The picture would not look good for the community as a whole. The members of the board would feel guilty not seeing this mistake in their hands of power. The members of the board would leave the shareholders empty handed. All of this could occur if Vinson decided not to take any part of wrongdoing. WorldCom would have no chance producing revenue and therefore it would go bankrupt. The right decision I personally would make, would be the second decision-making. The reason for this action is because I care about my status and not off others. I care that I do not commit any White Collar Crime. My belief is that sooner or later the actions will be caught and I do not want to be part of it. I am pretty sure that I could find another job somewhere else with a great history of a job position. My primary virtue is to do the right thing. I hate doing something that I believe is not fair and unethical. I could not accept being a senior manager to Director of Management Reporting, when I know how wrongfully I did my previous job. I care what I love, and that is my family. If my wife urged me to quit the job, I would give thoughts about it but still agree with her. The ability to make my family happy is far more important than the employees at work.Show MoreRelatedCorporate Ethics and the Employee1555 Words   |  6 PagesCorporate Ethics and the Employee Introduction The WorldCom case presents two different responses to WorldComs financial difficulties. Betty Vinson acted unethically and illegally, was caught and was punished for it. Cynthia Cooper acted ethically and legally, was recognized and lauded for it. While their ethical positions might initially seem simple, the reality is complex. Likenesses of Betty Vinson and Cynthia Cooper On the face of this situation, there are many likenesses between VinsonRead MoreThe Concepts of Ethics and Social Responsibility866 Words   |  4 Pagesrational. People invest in irrational ways all the time, and sometimes that includes ethics, a good example being ethical mutual funds. Yet, even Friedmans argument does not discount that ethics can be a part of what is our purpose? or any other ethical question. An example firm could be the Body Shop, a company that earns its money specifically because it has a particular ethical outlook. The ethics of the company are a selling point, something that attracts customers to the brand. The ethicsRead MoreEthical Leadership in the Master of Science Leadership Program776 Words   |  4 Pagesdecision, their employees, and goals of the organization. There are many readings that describe ethics and leadership, but ethical leadership is basically knowing your inner values and having the courage to steadfastly live by them for the purpose of the common good. Southwestern Colleges Master of Science in Leadership program has given me a firm understanding of how important ethical reasoning is and how it impacts, good and bad, an organization. My first artifact, LEAD505 Leadership and EthicsRead MoreA Case Of Accounting Fraud1555 Words   |  7 PagesAnother major case of accounting fraud driven by the desire to build and protect one’s personal financial condition is the WorldCom debacle. Bernie Ebbers had to show continually growing net worth in order to avoid margin calls on his own WorldCom stock that he had pledged to secure loans. When WorldCom, the telecommunications giant, failed and was put into bankruptcy, the U.S. witnessed the largest accounting frauds in history. Former CEO, Bernie Ebbers, was convicted of orchestrating this accountingRead MoreEssay about Revenue Recognition763 Words   |  4 Pagesusers. In 2002, WorldCom a telecommunication company, filed for bankruptcy. It was later revealed that the company was involved with improper accounting in two major forms. First WorldCom inflated revenues to increase profits, thereby increasing stock prices, and increasing the satisfaction of stakeholders. Second, the company understated line costs. Revenue is important to users of financial statements because it helps them evaluate a company’s performance and prospects. WorldCom violated the revenueRead MoreWorldcom Failure1198 Words   |  5 PagesWorldCom Failure in relation to its Organizational Behavior LDR/531 - Organizational Leadership October 7, 2010 WorldCom Failure in relation to its Organizational Behavior INTRODUCTION Year 2002 saw an unprecedented number of corporate scandals: Enron, Tyco, Global Crossing, etc. In many ways, WorldCom is just another case of failed corporate governance, accounting abuses, and outright greed. Many people may question if there is a secret to operating a successful business in modern times.Read MoreVerizon Wireless1280 Words   |  6 PagesDevon Daniel Verizon Verizon stars with WorldCom in 1983 when Murray Waldron and William Rector came together to sketch out a plan create a long-distance telephone service. Long Distance Discount service, became their new company that began operating as a long-distance reseller in 1984. The new company grew quickly in the next fifteen years, over time it change to WorldCom. The company became one of the largest telecommunications corporations in the world. They also became the largest bankruptcyRead MoreEthics Assignment: Worldcom Case653 Words   |  3 PagesEthics Assignment: Worldcom case Introduction: On 21 July 2002, WorldCom, Inc., the then-second largest telecommunications company in the U.S. filed bankruptcy protection. Its failure was due to its executives’ bad business behaviors to manipulate earnings with improper accounting entries. The key persons involved in the fraud were as follows; CEO Bernard Ebbers, CFO Scott Sullivan, the accountants were Bufford Yates (Director of General Accounting), David Meyers (Controller), Troy Norman (DirectorRead MoreWorldcom Case Study16775 Words   |  68 PagesAn Ethical Dilemma at WorldCom: A case study of Cynthia Cooper The Scenario One May afternoon, while sitting in his cubicle at WorldCom Inc. headquarters located in Clinton, Mississippi, Gene Morse was stunned to find an accounting entry for $500 million in expenses, which was not accounted for with any invoices. He immediately reported this entry to his boss, vice president of internal audit Cynthia Cooper (Pulliam Solomon, 2002). Little did they know at the time that this discovery would beginRead MoreThe Ethics Of The New Employees964 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence their followers to act ethically, they have first to communicate the ethical standards and continuously back up the same with real examples. This implies that writing a code of ethics is not just enough to step of indoctrinating ethics in the organization. As such, ethics should be inculcated early in every sphere of the organization life. Ethical leaders should be those people who do not tolerate instances of ethical lapses. Despite the spirited effort by leaders to curb instance of unethical

Globalization in My Community Free Essays

Globalization can be described in a number of different ways; it can describe the empowerment of decision making of dominant nations at the expense of less powerful nations, it can be defined as a force for economic growth prosperity and democratic freedom; but most notably it’s the integration of economic, political, and cultural systems across the globe. Globalization involves the movement of people, goods, ideas and information throughout the world. It is known to be the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa (Gibbens’ Globalization). We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization in My Community or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words it’s a global domino effect of social, economical, governmental and communicative processes; for example a hotdog restaurant chain from the U. S. can be introduced to China, because of the unhealthy ingredients in their food this lead to an increase in obesity throughout their nation affecting their workforce. Due to the increase in health risk manufactures in China began to decline in production affecting other nations including the U. S. This is just one example of globalization, but the effects aren’t always negative their can also be positive influences as well but the outcomes can be rather unpredictable. Although relations between two trading nations can be mutually beneficial and positive it can still have a negative effect to another nation’s economy, culture, and/or commerce or vice versa. Globalization has helped shape the world to what it is now, a global chain of fast paced technological advancements devised and shared to improve multiple processes, lifestyles and livelihoods. My community is comprised of many ethnicities and multi-cultural backgrounds, I’m relatively new to the area but from what I have seen thus far showcases an incredible amount of potential for growth and employment. I’m formally a New Yorker who has found a new life in what’s known as the DMV (DC, Maryland, and Virginia). This area is driven predominately behind government contractual funding which is stimulating the economy and making it one of the most prosperous areas to earn a living. With global occurrences such as the war on terror, U. S. global interest, aiding foreign alliances and military expeditions it isn’t hard to conclude why this predominant military area is influenced by the amount of activity and funding that is developing this areas prosperity. I work as a government contractor for one of the agencies servicing the Department of Defense, having inside visibility sheds light on how the U. S. spends American tax dollars. When there is global situation whether it’s the deployment of a military task force, or responding to a global disaster, or political indifferences with other nations it results in America responding by either starting a government project or increasing the amount of activity for a current project to take action, aid and counter expected negative outcomes. This results in the government allocating millions of dollars and contracting the work out to government contractors such as Lockheed Martin or Northrop Grumman who then seeks qualified individuals to perform the duties and tasks required. This type of domino effect has improved the job market, quality of life, promoted growth, and has made this area virtually recession proof for individuals who possess the desired skill set. Nursing, finance/ accounting, security, business, engineering, logistics, and of course information technology are just some examples of specific desired skill set’s that has emerged during a starving recessed nation. A series of chain of events began to occur, home development projects in what use to be low income areas began to grow, construction improvement efforts went underway expanding roads to improve traffic flow, and businesses began to flourish. Recently this chain of event began a small migration of neighboring states along the east coast to seek better opportunities here in the DMV. According to the Census bureau Northern Virginia has reported an increase in population totaling 2. 62 million in 2010 which is a difference of 2. 12 million reported in 2000 (CRA Census Series). That’s a 23. 9 percent increase over a decade in just one section of the state; the state itself experienced a 54. 9 percent increase overall. Most notably Loudon county of Virginia reported the most significant increase, in 2000 the population was at 169,599 and in 2010 it more than doubled that number reaching 312,311; this reflects more than an 84 percent increase. These numbers are staggering but cannot be blamed all on the migration of neighboring states; there has also been a significant increase of undocumented and legal immigrant Hispanic presence that makes up much the figures presented above. Virginia is home to a large percent of immigrants who have come here due to natural and man-made isasters that have occurred in their former country and because of that they have received or are eligible for legal status through Temporary Protected Status (The Virginia Hispanic Chamber of Commerce). Multinational corporation Nicholas Georgantzas, Giddens’ Globalization: Exploring Dynamic Implications, Fordham University, School of Business http://www. setav. org/ups/dosya/15100. pdf http://www. vahcc. com/? page=legisl ative_committe http://policy-cra. gmu. edu/census/Population%20Change%20in%20Northern%20Virginia. pdf How to cite Globalization in My Community, Papers

Globalization in My Community Free Essays

Globalization can be described in a number of different ways; it can describe the empowerment of decision making of dominant nations at the expense of less powerful nations, it can be defined as a force for economic growth prosperity and democratic freedom; but most notably it’s the integration of economic, political, and cultural systems across the globe. Globalization involves the movement of people, goods, ideas and information throughout the world. It is known to be the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa (Gibbens’ Globalization). We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization in My Community or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words it’s a global domino effect of social, economical, governmental and communicative processes; for example a hotdog restaurant chain from the U. S. can be introduced to China, because of the unhealthy ingredients in their food this lead to an increase in obesity throughout their nation affecting their workforce. Due to the increase in health risk manufactures in China began to decline in production affecting other nations including the U. S. This is just one example of globalization, but the effects aren’t always negative their can also be positive influences as well but the outcomes can be rather unpredictable. Although relations between two trading nations can be mutually beneficial and positive it can still have a negative effect to another nation’s economy, culture, and/or commerce or vice versa. Globalization has helped shape the world to what it is now, a global chain of fast paced technological advancements devised and shared to improve multiple processes, lifestyles and livelihoods. My community is comprised of many ethnicities and multi-cultural backgrounds, I’m relatively new to the area but from what I have seen thus far showcases an incredible amount of potential for growth and employment. I’m formally a New Yorker who has found a new life in what’s known as the DMV (DC, Maryland, and Virginia). This area is driven predominately behind government contractual funding which is stimulating the economy and making it one of the most prosperous areas to earn a living. With global occurrences such as the war on terror, U. S. global interest, aiding foreign alliances and military expeditions it isn’t hard to conclude why this predominant military area is influenced by the amount of activity and funding that is developing this areas prosperity. I work as a government contractor for one of the agencies servicing the Department of Defense, having inside visibility sheds light on how the U. S. spends American tax dollars. When there is global situation whether it’s the deployment of a military task force, or responding to a global disaster, or political indifferences with other nations it results in America responding by either starting a government project or increasing the amount of activity for a current project to take action, aid and counter expected negative outcomes. This results in the government allocating millions of dollars and contracting the work out to government contractors such as Lockheed Martin or Northrop Grumman who then seeks qualified individuals to perform the duties and tasks required. This type of domino effect has improved the job market, quality of life, promoted growth, and has made this area virtually recession proof for individuals who possess the desired skill set. Nursing, finance/ accounting, security, business, engineering, logistics, and of course information technology are just some examples of specific desired skill set’s that has emerged during a starving recessed nation. A series of chain of events began to occur, home development projects in what use to be low income areas began to grow, construction improvement efforts went underway expanding roads to improve traffic flow, and businesses began to flourish. Recently this chain of event began a small migration of neighboring states along the east coast to seek better opportunities here in the DMV. According to the Census bureau Northern Virginia has reported an increase in population totaling 2. 62 million in 2010 which is a difference of 2. 12 million reported in 2000 (CRA Census Series). That’s a 23. 9 percent increase over a decade in just one section of the state; the state itself experienced a 54. 9 percent increase overall. Most notably Loudon county of Virginia reported the most significant increase, in 2000 the population was at 169,599 and in 2010 it more than doubled that number reaching 312,311; this reflects more than an 84 percent increase. These numbers are staggering but cannot be blamed all on the migration of neighboring states; there has also been a significant increase of undocumented and legal immigrant Hispanic presence that makes up much the figures presented above. Virginia is home to a large percent of immigrants who have come here due to natural and man-made isasters that have occurred in their former country and because of that they have received or are eligible for legal status through Temporary Protected Status (The Virginia Hispanic Chamber of Commerce). Multinational corporation Nicholas Georgantzas, Giddens’ Globalization: Exploring Dynamic Implications, Fordham University, School of Business http://www. setav. org/ups/dosya/15100. pdf http://www. vahcc. com/? page=legisl ative_committe http://policy-cra. gmu. edu/census/Population%20Change%20in%20Northern%20Virginia. pdf How to cite Globalization in My Community, Papers

Employment Relation and Legislation

Question: Discuss about theEmployment Relation and Legislation. Answer: Introduction: The following essay covers several aspects of employment relationship in New Zealand. The present labor law in New Zealand provides theoretical frameworks to represent the requirements and methods of employment. These theories present the ideologies and approach of employee behavior in the industrial relationship to monitor the safeguard and objectives for the employees. There are basically three frameworks that regulate the employment relationship known as system approach, action approach and conflict frame of reference. Each of the theories describes the approach with respect to the issues on politics, social, economic and international (Chen Johnson, 2015). The essay covers the explanation of the theory of pluralism and unitarism that examines the right of employers over his employees which is different from the relationship of principal and agent. Further, the historical events, provisions of employment regulations in New Zealand and the development of the current employment law have been chalked out. Considering the present employment law under the statute and common law, written agreement by stating the requisite employment details have been made mandatory for the organizations. However, in the historic employment law, rules and norms for employment included strikes, lockouts and other unfavorable working conditions influenced by the trade unions registered with the organizations (Chang Cooke, 2015). Another section of the essay contains explanations and meaning of employee as per the Employment Relationship Act 2000, which states that an individual engaged in the work with employer in consideration of payments. Further, it excludes the work of person engaged with the production of films as an entertainer except the engagement of work under the employment agreement (Webber, 2016). The determination of employment relationship is also stated in the essay by considering the relevant case laws and legislations. The agreement as per the common law that regulates the employment law should provide details on the employment duration, employment terms, conditions and employment salaries. Additionally, the common law also states three significant tests i.e. control test, fourfold test and integration test to determine the relationship of employment (Norton et al., 2015). Discussion Employment relations have been broadened over time having multi- disciplinary foundations and influenced by social study, economics, law, psychology and such other sectors. The employment relation is concerned with the representation of interest for employment, unemployment or self-employment. There are certain theoretical frameworks of employment law that regulates the employment norms in the organizations. These frameworks are system approach, social action approach and conflict frame of reference approach. The system approach synchronizes with the approaches of political science, sociology and international relations (McDonald, Charlesworth Graham, 2015). The system approach has been formed to provide general of Industrial Relations and its overview greatly influences the thinking of employment relations. Initial attempt to formulate the system approach as a theoretical framework of industrial relation was created by John Dunlop wherein the system of industrial relation was defin ed as analytical subsystem of society of industries. Under this approach, the industrial relation rules were analyzed to overcome the conflicts and bargaining as well as the theory indentified the primary components that composed the Industrial Relation System (Law et al., 2016). The social action approach theory explains and focuses the analysis on the interaction of the operating employees strategically. This approach has been connected to the sociologist of Germany Max Weber that provides impact on psychology, human resource management and the rise in peoples rights and aspirations. The theory highlights on the actions and performance of others with respect to their past, present and future experiences and behavior in the place of work (Palmer Pytlikova, 2015). The action theory also explains the ideology and scope as well as their differences in the issues and events of employment relations in the workplace. Lastly, theory of conflict frame of reference approach explains the re asons behind the workplace conflicts and the ways to address such issues by the employers or employees. The theory covers the analysis on radical pluralism, pluralism and unitarism with the general view between the employers and employees. Radical pluralism indicates the differences and significance of ownership of the production methods, which was influenced by Marxism (Kong et al., 2015). On the other hand, pluralism and unitarism examines the prerogative of management and rights of employees to provide a balance act in the workplace. Human resource is the most significant factor in the society and business organizations, the need of which is not being complied to the optimum level. Considering the social needs with respect to physical comfort, education, health, safety and such other basic needs are not being fulfilled for the individuals. Similarly, needs for employers at workplace are also not been considered to the great extent. In order to provide systematic regulations the l egal system of New Zealands statute have formed several acts and theories to form the rights of employment relations. One such legal framework provides three basic theories to explain the rights and duties of employees and employers and their behavior (Chen Johnson, 2015). As system approach provides the industrial relation to influence the thinking of employment relations whereas the second theory, action approach provides impact on the rights and objectives of the employment relations. On the other hand, reasons of conflicts are defined and constructed in the third theory i.e. conflict frame of reference approach. Each of the theory explains the importance of human behavior at the work place and basic issues in the employment relations (Dale, 2015). Employment history of New Zealand was characterized by radical changes in the system of ideology over the short span of time. In the period of 1840- 1894 the employment relation was regulated by the common law, masters and servants act and criminal conspiracy law. During this period when the conflicts between employers and employees used to occur, the employers utilized the strategies formed in Britain. Individuals used to quit the job for better payment and better working condition. In the middle of the period, the workforce percentage in trade union in New Zealand was increased as well as protests, marches, strikes and boycotts were common for campaigning the eight- hour day working (McDonald Thompson, 2016). On the contrary, the present theoretical framework of employment law provides impact on the rights and aims of the employment relation between employers and employees. The present law presents wider impact on the ideology of better work culture among employees, employers, tra de unions. The system approach presents the norms and rules in the internal structure of the organization to provide better work system. However, during the period of 1840- 1894 employees under the trade union used practice illegitimate conspiracies for the actions. During the period the employment law in New Zealand was experiencing several issues to reform the law with respect to the increased immigration, growth of industries and trade unions, political labor movement in an organized manner (Chan, 2015). The New Zealand legislation introduced several regulations and frameworks for the benefit of employee relationship and behavior at the work place. The theory of Marxist Approach, Karl Marxs motive was to capitalize the industrial system with respect to the employment relation by observing the intellectual behavior of the workers efforts. The theory focuses on the relationship between industrial capital and organizational labor to improve the working conditions of the workplace. T he Marxist approach theory also provides explanation on the political economy of the industrial relations by finding out the reasons of employment conflicts and exploitation. According to the historical employment law in New Zealand, employment issues on violent acts between the employers and employees had been witnessed. In order to resolve such critical issues in New Zealand territory, the law statute had taken considerations to reform the underlying employment behavior conflicts (Baumgartner et al., 2015). As per the Employment Relations Act 2000, employee means a person of any age employed by the entrepreneur to perform the work in exchange of consideration or reward for a service contract. The meaning of employee under this act extends to the person who works as a home worker or the person whose intention is to work in lieu of reward or consideration (Tilly, 2015). However, the definition of employee excludes a person as a volunteer who does not perform work to be paid or to earn rewards. Further, the meaning of employee does not include a work of individual work in context to the production of film whether engaged in the work of producing film as actor, performer, singer or any sort of entertainment work. Apparently, the exclusion of individual under film production does not apply if the individual is covered by an employment agreement in the written form (McDonald, Charlesworth Graham, 2015). It means that if a person works in a production of film as per the employment agreement, then such person shall be considered as an employee within the meaning of employment relations act 2000. In order to decide the employment between employee and employer, there should be determination of real nature of connection by either the court or authority (Florida Mellander, 2016). It is important to analyze and examine all the relevant matters to determine the employment relationship by the court or legal authority. According to the employment agreements of New Zealand, there must be a written agreement between employer and employee and should be signed by the employee before starting the work. The agreement of the employment varies from company to company and it also depends on the job description along with the mandatory clause that should be present in all the employment agreements (Bammens, Notelaers Van Gils, 2015). Collective agreements and individual agreements are two types of agreements on employment that covers all the employees in profession and business organization. Individual agreement of employment creates direct negotiation with the related terms and conditions between individual and employer whereas the collective agreement creates negotiation between employer and trade union that is registered with the organization. Under the employment act, there are certain common tests in law to determine the employment relationship (Groeller et al., 2015). These are control test, fourfold test and integration test. Control Test was formed to assess the presence of control of employer or manager over the employee or worker. Based on the case of Regina Vs Walker (1858), it was argued that unlike principal- agent relationship, employment relationship provides the right to direct the employee on performing the work and the ways to perform such work. On the contrary, Fourfold Test that was developed in 1947 under the decision of Privy Council based on the case of Montreal Vs Montreal Locomotive Works Ltd. This test considered the four elements like right to employ the workers, payment of considerations, power to enforce disciplinary rules and the power or right to control the actions of the employees. Lastly, the integration test, which was initiated in the case of Stevenson Jordon and Harrison, Ltd Vs MacDonald and Evans, (1952) was formed to determine the integrity of the services rendered by the employees to the business organization. In order to determine the legal em ployment, the employment law in New Zealand has been derived from two sources i.e. statute and common law. These statutes and common law presents provision on minimum requirement for the employees and employers in New Zealand. Currently, the significant act that regulates the employment framework is the Employment Relation Act 2000 that states the employment behavior, requirements, benefits and conflicting issues (Rosenbaum et al., 2016). As per the employment act, the contract on employment should disclose the information of employment duration, details of employee, terms and conditions of employment and expiry date of the contract. The agreement should be binding on both the employee and employers and to be signed by the employee before the initiation of employment with the organization. In case of suspension of the employment contract, there are no specific provisions formed in the common law or in the acts of statutes (Lu et al., 2015). However, the suspension of contract should be formed by the means of termination. Further, the contract of employment does not exist during the terms of work strike or any other abnormal condition that interrupts the business operation. The employment contract should reflect the provisions of working hours, paid leave, employee protection facilities, equality in workforce and regulation on trade union. According to the theoretical concept on employment relations, there are differen t levels and aspects with respect to international, national, organizational, industrial and individual (van der Geest et al., 2016). The employment relationship in the organization is a continuous process that is formed to solve the conflicts and issues between the employees and employers. The relationship between employers and workers are however influenced by the social and economical norms that provide benefits and safeguard to the employees (McDonald, Charlesworth Graham, 2015). With respect to the Employment Contract Act 1991, there are various amendments have been made by following the factors of international trend on the employee rights, unemployment on large scale, and economic competition. The Act states the employment issues on strikes, lockouts, and methods to resolve such issues for better and smooth working conditions. Based on the case of Bryson Vs Three Foot Six Ltd, court decided the matter on employment relationship by confirming the relevance of all relevant mat ers there must be common intention between the employers and employee. The agreement should state the intention in written and oral form as well as the ways of implementing such methods at the workplace for better workflow. The case framed the issues regarding the employment of employee Mr. Bryson as well as the payment and duration of his employment with the employer in lieu of rendering service. Therefore, it can be said that the employment relationship between the employees and employers are determined based on various significant factors that should be drafted in a written and agreed contract (Drange Telle, 2015). Conclusion Employment relationship is one of the essential factors in the organizations to control and perform the business operations in a smooth manner. As per the employment act and common law, it is mandatory for an employee to have the employee status in the organization to get the labor benefits. It is important for the court of authority to determine the real nature of the employment relationship to segregate the status of employee and independent contractor. The court or the authority is required to consider the relevant matters on determination of employment relationship with respect to the nature of service, duration, compensation in the form of salaries and wages. 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